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Tobacco and Wheat
By Ellen Schwindt
Objectives:
After completing this lesson, students will be able to:
- list economic roles in the colonial tobacco economy and in the
colonial wheat economy
- identify connections between the tobacco and wheat economies
- identify regional places on a historical map and relate events
associated with those places
- distinguish between services, raw materials, and manufactured
products in an economy
- compare tobacco and wheat economies of 1700's to today's economy
MSPAP Outcomes and Indicators:
This lesson aligned with the following Maryland Learner Outcomes and
Indicators:
Social Studies, Grades 4-5
Peoples of the Nation and World
- Analyze the characteristics of various cultures as evidenced in the
development of Maryland and the U.S.
- Analyze the diverse cultural contributions that influenced the
development of Maryland and the U.S.
- Examine decisions made by citizens of Maryland and the U.S. in terms
of consequences for other peoples of the world, and vice versa.
Geography
- Locate places and natural features by interpreting and constructing
maps using directions, legends, grid systems, boundary lines, and
scales.
- Examine people's adaptation to and modification of their environment
as a result of changes in technology.
- Examine the impact of geography on the industrial growth and
economic prosperity of communities in the state, nation and world.
Skills and Processes
- Obtain, interpret, organize and use information from reading, asking
questions, observing and listening.
- Obtain, interpret, organize and use print and non-print sources of
information such as pictures, graphics, maps, globes, and artifacts.
- Define and clarify problems drawn from history and the social
sciences, identify resources and prepare solutions based on available
data.
- Make and analyze personal decisions and reflect on the results.
Economics
- Describe the relationship between available resources and the
production of good and services.
- Explain how the exchange of goods and services connects Maryland
with the world.
- Describe the relationship of supply and demand to the production and
consumption of goods and services.
- Analyze historical and economic factors which have contributed to
the growth and development of Maryland's economy.
- Analyze the effects of economic growth on the standards of living of
individuals.
Math Content Grades 4-5
Outcome:
Apply estimation strategies in computation with the use of technology
in measurement and in problem solving: determine reasonableness of
solutions.
Indicators:
- Add, subtract, multiply, divide whole numbers, fractions, decimals,
integers, rationals
- Solve problems involving money, time, elapsed time.
Math Process Grades 4-5
Outcome:
Connect mathematical topics within the discipline and with other
disciplines.
Student Worksheets:
Other Materials:
In order for your students to complete the thoughtful application
associated with this lesson, they will need to play "The Tobacco or
Wheat Game." For the game, you will need to print out:
- a gameboard for each group of four students (alternatively, this
could be set up as a learning station that students could move
through)
- a sheet of year cards for each student. There are four characters
in the game: George Ellicott,
William Lux Bowley, Charles Carroll,
and Jacob Hain. Assign a character to each student and give students
year cards for the appropriate character.
- Small objects to serve as markers in the game
- Graph paper and colored pencils for the thoughtful activity
Key Web Sites Referenced in this Lesson:
Teacher Background Information:
Pirates and privateers - it was often difficult to tell the difference
between these two types of seafarers. In this lesson, the students
will learn about the history of pirate activity in Chesapeake Bay
area. Students will also examine what separates pirates from
privateers, and why the fledgling American Navy depended so heavily on
privateers while trying to win independence from England. A script
for conducting a mock trial is included in this activity. If
you have time, your students might enjoy conducting this mock trial to
determine whether or not the accused character is a pirate or a
privateer.
The lesson on the War of 1812 in this Maryland with PRIDE curriculum
is a natural follow-up and extension to this lesson. During the War
of 1812, privateers were again needed to strengthen America's naval
forces.
The extensions listed for this lesson continue to explore the concept
of piracy. The Oyster Wars of the late 19th century made the
Chesapeake Bay a battleground between honest watermen and oyster
bar-raiding pirates. Go to the Oyster Wars website
to learn
more about the Oyster Wars and to see some great drawings of the
creature that was in the center of these wars.
Oyster pirates were not just a Chesapeake Bay problem. There were
oyster pirates operating in the San Francisco Bay, too. Jack London,
author of Call of the Wild, fell prey to these San Francisco oyster
pirates.
The extension on modern day piracy is appropriate for upper middle and
high school students. Pirates still exist, and ships that ply the
waters off the shores of Southeast Asia, Brazil, Nigeria, Somalia and
India are under continual threat by these modern sea robbers. There
is nothing romantic or redeemable about these pirates and the
atrocities they commit. Two organizations, the International Chamber
of Commerce and the Baltic International Maritime Corporation, include
information about these modern day pirates on their websites. Some
current articles can be found at the following websites:
Baltic International Maritime Company articles
Piracy (including armed attacks on vessels)
Security - stowaways, drug smuggling, armed attacks
Read these articles first to decide what you feel is appropriate to
share with your students.
Other Resources
- The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, edited by Gary
B. Nash, Julie R. Jeffrey, et. al.; New York: Harper Collins, 1994
- The Burning of Washington, by Anthony Pitch; Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, 1998
- Jack London, A Life of Adventure, by Rae Bains; U.S.A.: Troll
Associates, 1992
- Naval Documents of the American Revolution: 1776, Volume 6, edited by
William James Morgan; Washington, D.C.: United States Navy, 1972
- Our Maryland, by Jane Eagen and Jeanne McGinnis; Salt Lake City: Gibbs
M. Smith, Inc., 1987
- Pirates on the Chesapeake: Being a True History of Pirates, Picaroons
and Raiders on Chesapeake Bay, 1610-1807, by Donald Shomette;
Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 1985
- The Pirate's Handbook: How to Become a Rogue if the High Seas, by
Margarette Lincoln; New York: Cobblehill Books, 1995
- The Pirates Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea
Robbers, compiled by the Marine Research Society; New York: Dover
Publications, Inc., originally published 1837, reprinted in 1993
- Pirates and Patriots of the Revolution: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of
Colonial Seamanship, by C. Keith Wilbur; Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole
Books, 1984
- Rebels Under Sail: The American Navy during the Revolution, by William
Fowler, Jr.; New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1976
- Seafaring America, by Alexander Laing; New York: American Heritage
Publishing, Inc., 1974
- Shipbuilding in Colonial America, by Joseph A. Goldenberg;
Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1976
- Ships and Seaman of the American Revolution, by Jack Coggins;
Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1969
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